init

2025-08-03 16:27:25 +02:00 · 2025-08-03 16:27:25 +02:00 · acc61e858b
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+---
+layout: default
+title: Recipes MD
+---
+
+#### Read a DNS records
+
+    dig artgur.net +nostats +nocomments +nocmd
+
+#### I/O Stats
+
+    iostat
+
+#### Checking type of executable files
+
+    otool -hv test.so
+
+#### #Receipe Gzip of image
+
+```shell
+dd if=/dev/sdb | gzip > ~/backup.img.gz
+```
+
+#### Progress with `dd`
+
+```
+sudo dd if=2024-11-19-raspios-bookworm-armhf.img of=/dev/disk27 status=progress
+sudo dd if=/dev/sdb | pv -s 5.29G | dd of=DriveCopy1.dd bs=4096
+sudo pv ubuntu-24.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso | sudo  dd of=/dev/disk27
+```
+
+#### Get directory size
+
+    du -sh MacOSBackup
+
+##### Print all sizes in directory
+```bash
+du -sh *
+```
+
+```bash
+du -shc *
+```
+
+#### Compare two files
+
+```bash
+vim -d file1 file2
+mcdiff file1 file2
+```
+
+### Disk manager
+
+```bash
+cfdisk /dev/sda
+```
+
+#### List disks
+
+```
+parted -l
+```
+
+#### informations about disk
+
+```bash
+fdisk -l /dev/sda
+```
+
+#### Power off the disk 
+
+```
+udisksctl power-off -b /dev/sdX
+```
+#### Generate random password
+
+```bash
+pwgen -s -1 32
+```
+or
+```
+openssl rand -hex 12
+```
+#### List block devices
+
+    lsblk
+
+#### Linux headers
+
+```
+uname -r
+apt search linux-headers-$(uname -r)
+```
+
+Show all disks with json format
+```shell
+lsblk -J
+```
+List disk with uuid's
+```shell
+lsbkl -f
+```
+
+
+#### MKFS
+
+```bash
+mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdb4
+```
+
+```bash
+mount -i -t vfat -oumask=0000,iocharset=utf8 /dev/sdb4 /root
+```
+
+#### See what processes are using the drive 
+
+```
+lsof /where/drive/is/mounted
+```
+
+### See what process opens the port
+
+```bash
+lsof -p 6919
+lsof -i :6919
+```
+#### See the stats of IO
+
+```
+apt install sysstat iotop
+```
+
+
+```
+iostat -dh 2
+iotop -o
+sar -p -d -b 1
+vmstat -d 1
+vmstat -p /dev/sda2 1
+```
+
+### Rsync 
+
+```
+rsync -ah --progress /Volumes/Data /Volumes/Data\ 1/Junk/1TB\ Drive
+```
+
+
+#### reloading local DNS
+
+```shell
+sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start
+```
+
+#### Print all processes in json format
+
+``` shell
+ps aux |
+  awk -v OFS=, '{print $1, $2}' |
+  jq -R 'split(",") | {user: .[0], pid: .[1]}'
+```
+
+### Split files
+
+```
+split -b 70M deno
+```
+
+#### Search and execute command from the history
+
+```bash
+eval `history | fzf | cut  -s -d " " -f4-`
+```
+
+Adding this to `.zshrc`
+
+```
+export HISTSIZE=100000000
+alias hexec='eval `history | fzf | cut  -s -d " " -f4-`'
+```
+#### Editing command with editor
+
+`~/.zshrc`
+
+```
+bindkey '^e' edit-command-line
+```
+#### Copy public ssh key
+
+```bash 
+cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | pbcopy
+```
+
+#### change password that was saved in a variable
+
+```bash
+cho "$archpass" | passwd "$archuser" --stdin
+```
+#### Git diff between branches 
+
+    git diff release-1.2.0..release-1.2.1
+
+
+#### MacOS info aliases in`.zhrc`
+
+```
+  alias cpu='sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string'
+  alias cpu-temp='sudo powermetrics --samplers smc | grep -i "CPU die temperature"'
+  alias gpu-temp='sudo powermetrics --samplers smc | grep -i "GPU die temperature"'
+  alias lsusb='sudo ioreg -p IOUSB'
+  alias allusb='ioreg -p IOUSB -w0 -l'
+```
+
+**Power metrics**
+
+```bash
+sudo powermetrics --samplers all
+```
+#### Install pods from non standard localisations
+
+```ruby
+ pod 'WASHD', :git => 'https://github.com/vatlib/EasyUITextFields.git'
+ pod 'WASHD', :path => '/Users/artur/projs/easyuitextfields'
+ ```
+
+#### SQLite select and search results with FZF
+
+```bash
+echo "select * from bookmarks" | sqlite3 bookmarks.db | fzf
+```
+
+#### Open file with FZF
+
+```bash
+nvim -o `fzf`
+```
+
+#### Set default shell. ZSH in this case
+
+	sudo chsh --shell /usr/bin/zsh user
+
+#### Show Git object
+```sh
+pigz -d < .git/objects/02/f2cc93fee0b3cb7c9b75f49e4ded3f9b1480eb
+```
+
+#### list of wireless cards
+
+    lspci -knn | grep Net -A2
+
+#### Scan networks 
+
+    iwlist scan
+
+#### Shutdown
+
+    shutdown -h now
+
+#### Connect to the network
+
+    nmcli dev wifi connect TP-Link_5828 password my-secret-pass
+
+#### You can forward port `80` to `8090`
+
+```shell
+iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8090
+```
+
+#### Allow accepting connections on `8090` 
+
+```shell
+iptables -I INPUT -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8090 -j ACCEPT
+```
+#### Search files that contains particular string 
+
+``` shell
+grep -rnw "." -e "Search key"
+```
+
+#### Remove garbage files
+
+    find ./ -name ".DS_Store" -depth -exec rm {} \;
+
+#### Find files, directories and symbolic links using regex
+    
+    find ./ -iname `fo*` and `F??` -type f,d,l
+
+#### Make text from pipe uppercased
+
+```bash
+cat file.txt | tr [:lower:] [:upper:]
+cat file.txt | tr [a-z] [A-Z]
+tr [a-z] [A-Z] < linux.txt > output.txt
+```
+
+#### Installing packages for python
+
+**_just for user_**
+
+```bash 
+pip3 install --user meson
+```
+
+**_calling module through interpreter_**
+
+```bash
+python3 -m pip install six
+```
+
+#### Remove spaces
+
+```bash
+cat file.txt | tr -d ' ' 
+```
+
+#### Remove duplicate characters
+
+
+```bash 
+$ cat domains.txt
+
+www.google.....com
+www.linkedin.com
+www.linuxsay.com
+```
+
+```bash
+$ cat domains.txt | tr -s '.' 
+
+www.google.com
+www.linkedin.com
+```
+
+#### Extract digit
+
+``` bash
+echo "My UID is $UID" | tr -cd "[:digit:]\n"
+echo "My UID is $UID" | tr -d "a-zA-Z"
+```
+
+#### Translate single character
+
+```bash
+echo "My UID is $UID" | tr " "  "\n"
+```
+
+#### Get path by number
+
+```bash
+echo $PATH | cut -d ":" -f 1
+```
+
+#### list search path line by line
+
+```bash
+echo $PATH | tr ":" "\n"
+```
+
+#### Screen capture
+
+```
+ffmpeg -f x11grab -video_size 1280x800 -framerate 25 -i $DISPLAY -c:v ffvhuff screen.mkv
+
+ffmpeg -video_size 1280x800 -framerate 25 -f x11grab -i :0.0 -f pulse -ac 2. \
+       -i default -vcodec vp8 -acodec libvorbis myvideo_$(date +%d_%B_%Y_%H:%M).webm
+```
+
+#### Take a screenshot
+
+```bash
+xwd -root -out screenshot.xwd
+maim -s -u | xclip -selection clipboard -t image/png -i
+imlib2_grab screenshot.png
+```
+
+#### Install Python package for the user
+
+    python3 -m pip install --user pyelftools
+
+#### Erase free space 
+
+    sudo diskutil secureErase freespace 1 /Volumes/Data\ Drive
+
+#### Format disk
+
+	sudo diskutil eraseDisk ExFAT data /dev/disk26
+#### Search for commit
+
+```bash
+alias gf='git log --all --oneline | fzf'
+```
+
+#### Remove alpha channel from all files
+
+```bash
+# ➜ brew install imagemagick
+```
+
+**Converts all files in current directory revursevely**
+
+```bash
+alias rmalfa='find . -name “*.png” -exec convert “{}” -alpha off “{}” \;'
+```
+
+#### Weather alias
+
+```sh
+alias weather='curl wttr.in'
+```
+
+#### Starting an electron app on wayland
+
+Start chromium using wayland
+
+```bash
+chromium --enable-features=UseOzonePlatform --ozone-platform=wayland
+```
+
+It’s the same for electron-based apps:
+
+```bash
+`app-executable` --enable-features=UseOzonePlatform \
+                 --ozone-platform=wayland
+```
+
+#### Save website As PDF
+
+```bash
+function aspdf {
+  /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome --headless --print-to-pdf="./$1.pdf" $2
+}
+```
+
+Usage
+
+```bash
+aspdf "filename" "https://superuser.com/questions/592974/how-to-print-to-save-as-pdf-from-a-command-line-with-chrome-or-chromium"
+```
+
+### Export Markdown as PDF
+
+```bash
+pandoc README.md -o README.pdf
+```
+
+```bash
+pandoc --from=gfm --to=pdf -o README.pdf README.md
+```
+
+#### Gem path
+
+```hash
+export GEM_HOME=$HOME/.gem
+path=("$GEM_HOME/bin" $path)
+```
+
+#### QEMU - port forwarding
+
+```bash
+qemu-system-i386 -net nic,model=rtl8139 \
+        -net user,hostfwd=tcp::3389-:3389,hostfwd=tcp::443-:443,hostfwd=tcp::992-:992 
+```
+
+#### SQL using regex
+Add a check constraint to the `id` column to enforce alphanumeric strings of exactly 5 characters long
+
+```sql
+ALTER TABLE short_urls ADD CONSTRAINT id CHECK (id ~ '^[a-zA-Z0-9]{5}$');
+```
+
+#### Console font size
+
+Edit file &rarr; `/etc/default/console-setup`
+
+```bash
+dpkg-reconfigure -plow console-setup
+```
+
+#### Redirect errors to null device
+
+    find / 2>/dev/null
+
+#### Installing nonfree firmware from repository
+
+ I.e: Firmware for nonfree driver for Intel's WIFI cards.
+
+```
+https://packages.debian.org/sid/firmware-iwlwifi
+```    
+
+```bash
+apt-get update && apt-get install firmware-linux-nonfree
+```
+
+#### Installing nonfree firmware from manufacturer
+
+Search for binary. An example:
+
+[https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000005511/wireless.html](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000005511/wireless.html)
+
+Extract and copy like
+
+```bash
+cp iwlwifi-cc-a0-46.ucode /lib/firmware
+```
+
+### Linux - RAM disk
+
+This might be useful for spead up programs that heavily use disk.
+
+```
+mount -t TYPE -o size=SIZE FSTYPE MOUNTPOINT
+```
+* `TYPE` &rarr; either `tmpfs` or `ramfs`.
+* `SIZE` &rarr; ie. `512m`
+* `FSTYPE` &rarr; File system type, either `tmpfs`, `ramfs`, `ext4`, etc.
+
+To make this setting persistent you might want to add to `/etc/fstab` fallowing line
+
+```plain
+tmpfs /mnt/ramdisk tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec,nodiratime,size=1024M 0 0
+```
+
+#### fstab
+
+Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifiers, and can be used in fstab file like
+
+```
+# <file system>                            <mount point>   <type>  <options>                        <dump>  <pass>
+
+UUID=1a38b8ca-e1f5-45e6-bbe8-3abd2775b3a6  /               ext4    errors=remount-ro                0       1
+/swapfile                                  none            swap    sw                               0       0
+/dev/disk/by-uuid/4D3C-4E36                /mnt/4D3C-4E36  auto    nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show  0       0
+
+UUID=e21eebe4-471a-4375-8c4c-618b3733a940  /home           ext4    nodev,nosuid                     0       2
+```
+
+
+### Linux - Mount disk from `qcow2` image
+
+
+Step 1 - Enable NBD on the Host
+
+```bash
+modprobe nbd max_part=8
+```
+
+Step 2 - Connect the QCOW2 as network block device
+
+```bash
+qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd0 /var/lib/vz/images/100/vm-100-disk-1.qcow2
+```
+
+Step 3 - Find The Virtual Machine Partitions
+
+```bash
+fdisk /dev/nbd0 -l
+```
+
+Step 4 - Mount the partition from the VM
+
+```bash
+mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/somepoint/
+```
+
+Step 5 - After you done, unmount and disconnect
+
+```bash
+umount /mnt/somepoint/
+qemu-nbd --disconnect /dev/nbd0
+rmmod nbd
+```
+
+### Ubuntu - Power management
+
+To make Ubuntu do nothing when laptop lid is closed:
+
+From For 13.10 onwards:
+
+Open the `/etc/systemd/logind.conf` file in a text editor as root, for example:
+
+```bash
+sudo -H gedit /etc/systemd/logind.conf
+```
+
+If `HandleLidSwitch` is not set to ignore then change it:
+
+```bash
+HandleLidSwitch=ignore
+```
+
+Other settings that the action can be ignored: `HandleLidSwitchExternalPower`, `HandleLidSwitchDocked`, `IdleAction`.
+
+Restart the systemd daemon (be aware that this command will log you out):
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl restart systemd-logind
+```
+
+or, from 15.04 onwards:
+
+```bash
+sudo service systemd-logind restart
+```
+
+### Chroot environment of Debian sid
+
+ Install Bootstrap
+
+```bash
+sudo apt install debootstrap
+```
+
+Create a directory that you want to use for the base system (_chroot-debian_ in this case)
+
+```bash
+mkdir chroot-debian
+```   
+
+Create a base system
+
+```bash
+sudo debootstrap sid chroot-debian http://deb.debian.org/debian
+```   
+
+Valid names `sid`, `stable` or any debian code name
+
+Mount  filesystems
+
+```bash
+sudo mount -o bind /dev chroot-debian/dev
+sudo mount -t sysfs none chroot-debian/sys
+sudo mount -o bind /proc chroot-debian/proc
+```   
+
+Optionally, copy DNS resolver configuration.
+
+```
+sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /path/to/chroot-env/etc/resolv.conf
+```
+
+Start chrooting
+
+```bash
+sudo chroot chroot-debian /bin/bash
+```
+
+Once done, exit the session and unmount
+
+```bash
+sudo umount chroot-debian/dev chroot-debian/proc
+```
+
+#### Pass variables to chrooted environment 
+
+```bash
+chroot ./ env -i PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
+```
+
+# Allowing user to run a command as root
+
+```shell
+sudo visudo
+```
+
+```
+artur ALL=(ALL) chroot /path/to/chroot-env
+```
+
+
+#### Nginx - serving files setup DAV
+
+Full version with 3rd party extensions
+
+```
+apt install nginx-full nginx-extras
+```
+
+```
+    location / {
+        index nonextistent;
+        autoindex on;
+        autoindex_format json;
+    }
+
+	location /restricted {
+		fancyindex on;
+        fancyindex_exact_size off;
+		auth_basic "Restricted";
+	    auth_basic_user_file "/etc/nginx/.htpasswd";
+	}
+
+    location /dropbox {
+        index nonextistent;
+        autoindex on;
+        autoindex_format json;
+
+        dav_methods PUT DELETE MKCOL COPY MOVE;
+        dav_ext_methods PROPFIND OPTIONS LOCK UNLOCK;
+        dav_access user:rw group:r all:r;
+
+        # client_max_body_size 0;
+        create_full_put_path on;
+        client_body_temp_path /tmp/;
+
+		limit_except GET PROPFIND OPTIONS HEAD {
+	        auth_basic "Restricted";
+	        auth_basic_user_file "/etc/nginx/.htpasswd";
+	    }
+        # auth_pam "Restricted";  
+        # auth_pam_service_name "common-auth";
+    }
+```
+
+Create password
+
+``` bash
+echo -n 'sammy:' >> /etc/nginx/.htpasswd
+openssl passwd -apr1 >> /etc/nginx/.htpasswd
+```
+
+Another method to set the password
+
+```bash
+htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/.htpasswd sammy
+htpasswd /etc/nginx/.htpasswd another_user
+```
+
+**UI Client `Cyberduck`**
+
+#### Backing up the entire OS
+
+```
+sudo rsync -aAXHv / --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} /mnt
+```
+
+Python
+
+```
+install python3-full
+```
+
+### Check battery
+
+```bash
+upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT0
+upower -i `upower -e | grep 'BAT'`
+upower -i $(upower -e | grep BAT) | grep --color=never -E "state|to\ full|to\ empty|percentage"
+```
+
+Battery capacity
+
+```bash
+cat /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/capacity
+```
+
+`apt install acpi`
+
+acpi -V
+acpi -t
+
+Watch the status for example: 
+
+```
+watch --interval=5 acpi -V
+```
+
+### How to scan open ports 
+
+```
+nmap -sT -p- 10.10.8.8
+nmap -p 80 127.0.0.1
+```
+
+
+### Remove non ASCII characters form the file
+
+```bash
+sed 's/[^[:print:]\t]//g' script.sh > cleaned_script.sh
+```
+
+## Network Manager
+
+Check Status
+
+```
+pacman -S networkmanager
+systemctl status NetworkManager
+```
+
+```bash
+nmcli dev status
+nmcli radio wifi
+```
+
+```bash
+nmcli radio wifi on
+```
+
+```bash
+nmcli dev wifi list
+```
+
+```bash
+nmcli dev wifi connect network-ssid
+```
+
+```bash
+nmcli dev wifi connect network-ssid password "network-password"
+
+# with password promot
+nmcli dev wifi connect network-ssid password "network-password"
+
+```
+
+```
+nmcli con show
+```
+
+```
+nmcli con down ssid/uuid
+nmcli con up ssid/uuid
+```
+
+```
+ip link set eno1 up
+```
+
+### DHCP Client
+
+```
+pacman -S dhclient dhcpcd
+```
+
+Turn dchp on for the interface
+
+```
+dhclient eth0 -v
+```
+
+
+### Create file
+
+```bash
+cat > filename <<- "EOF"
+file contents
+more contents
+EOF
+```
+
+
+### Get data about file include number of links
+
+```bash
+stat f1
+```
+
+### File decryption 
+
+```bash
+openssl aes256 -md sha256 -d -in file.enc.zip -out file.zip -pass pass:"<password>"
+```
+
+
+### Base64
+
+```bash
+openssl base64 -in qrcode.png -out qrcode.png.base64
+openssl base64 -in qrcode.png 
+```
+
+
+### tar.xz
+
+```
+tar -xJf file.tar.xz -C destination
+```
+
+
+## Execute command 
+
+Execute `ls` for each each object in current directory that starts from `D` or `M` 
+
+```
+ls {D*,M*}
+```
+
+Utworzenie dwóch katalogów `test_a`, `test_b`
+
+```
+mkdir test_{a,b}
+```
+
+### copy content of directory and merge it. Dereference links
+
+```
+cp -LTr /form/ .
+```
+
+## JSON Linux apis
+
+```
+tree -J
+ls -l | jq -R -s -c 'split("\n")[:-1]'
+```
+
+
+### List dependencies 
+
+```bash
+pacman -Sy lld
+llvm-nm
+```
+
+### Find location of executable 
+
+```
+type -a python
+```
+
+### Reload each file save 
+
+```bash
+brew install fswatch
+fswatch -o . --exclude "\.build.*$" | xargs -n1 -I{} your-command
+```
+
+
+## Add capabilities 
+allow all to open 443 port
+
+```bash 
+sudo setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' ./service
+```
+
+
+# Test speed of the drive
+
+```
+sudo hdparam -t --direct /dev/mmcblk0
+```