941 lines
No EOL
15 KiB
Markdown
941 lines
No EOL
15 KiB
Markdown
---
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||
layout: default
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title: Recipes MD
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---
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#### Read a DNS records
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||
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dig artgur.net +nostats +nocomments +nocmd
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#### I/O Stats
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||
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iostat
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||
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#### Checking type of executable files
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||
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otool -hv test.so
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#### #Receipe Gzip of image
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||
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```shell
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dd if=/dev/sdb | gzip > ~/backup.img.gz
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```
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#### Progress with `dd`
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```
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sudo dd if=2024-11-19-raspios-bookworm-armhf.img of=/dev/disk27 status=progress
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sudo dd if=/dev/sdb | pv -s 5.29G | dd of=DriveCopy1.dd bs=4096
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sudo pv ubuntu-24.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso | sudo dd of=/dev/disk27
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```
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#### Get directory size
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||
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du -sh MacOSBackup
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##### Print all sizes in directory
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```bash
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du -sh *
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```
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```bash
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du -shc *
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```
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#### Compare two files
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||
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```bash
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vim -d file1 file2
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mcdiff file1 file2
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```
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### Disk manager
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```bash
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cfdisk /dev/sda
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```
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#### List disks
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```
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parted -l
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```
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#### informations about disk
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```bash
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fdisk -l /dev/sda
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```
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#### Power off the disk
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```
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udisksctl power-off -b /dev/sdX
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```
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#### Generate random password
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```bash
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pwgen -s -1 32
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```
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or
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```
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openssl rand -hex 12
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```
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#### List block devices
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lsblk
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#### Linux headers
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```
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uname -r
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apt search linux-headers-$(uname -r)
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```
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Show all disks with json format
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```shell
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lsblk -J
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```
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List disk with uuid's
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```shell
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lsbkl -f
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```
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#### MKFS
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```bash
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mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdb4
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```
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```bash
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mount -i -t vfat -oumask=0000,iocharset=utf8 /dev/sdb4 /root
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```
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#### See what processes are using the drive
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```
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lsof /where/drive/is/mounted
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```
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### See what process opens the port
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```bash
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lsof -p 6919
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lsof -i :6919
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```
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#### See the stats of IO
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```
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apt install sysstat iotop
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```
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```
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iostat -dh 2
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iotop -o
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sar -p -d -b 1
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vmstat -d 1
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vmstat -p /dev/sda2 1
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```
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### Rsync
|
||
|
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```
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rsync -ah --progress /Volumes/Data /Volumes/Data\ 1/Junk/1TB\ Drive
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```
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#### reloading local DNS
|
||
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```shell
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sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start
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```
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#### Print all processes in json format
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|
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``` shell
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ps aux |
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awk -v OFS=, '{print $1, $2}' |
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jq -R 'split(",") | {user: .[0], pid: .[1]}'
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```
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### Split files
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||
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```
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split -b 70M deno
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```
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#### Search and execute command from the history
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```bash
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eval `history | fzf | cut -s -d " " -f4-`
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```
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Adding this to `.zshrc`
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```
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export HISTSIZE=100000000
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alias hexec='eval `history | fzf | cut -s -d " " -f4-`'
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```
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#### Editing command with editor
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||
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`~/.zshrc`
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```
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bindkey '^e' edit-command-line
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```
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#### Copy public ssh key
|
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```bash
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cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | pbcopy
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```
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#### change password that was saved in a variable
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||
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```bash
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cho "$archpass" | passwd "$archuser" --stdin
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```
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#### Git diff between branches
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git diff release-1.2.0..release-1.2.1
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||
|
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#### MacOS info aliases in`.zhrc`
|
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```
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alias cpu='sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string'
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alias cpu-temp='sudo powermetrics --samplers smc | grep -i "CPU die temperature"'
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alias gpu-temp='sudo powermetrics --samplers smc | grep -i "GPU die temperature"'
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alias lsusb='sudo ioreg -p IOUSB'
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alias allusb='ioreg -p IOUSB -w0 -l'
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```
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**Power metrics**
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||
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```bash
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sudo powermetrics --samplers all
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```
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#### Install pods from non standard localisations
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```ruby
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pod 'WASHD', :git => 'https://github.com/vatlib/EasyUITextFields.git'
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pod 'WASHD', :path => '/Users/artur/projs/easyuitextfields'
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```
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#### SQLite select and search results with FZF
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```bash
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echo "select * from bookmarks" | sqlite3 bookmarks.db | fzf
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```
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#### Open file with FZF
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```bash
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nvim -o `fzf`
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```
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#### Set default shell. ZSH in this case
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sudo chsh --shell /usr/bin/zsh user
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#### Show Git object
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```sh
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pigz -d < .git/objects/02/f2cc93fee0b3cb7c9b75f49e4ded3f9b1480eb
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```
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#### list of wireless cards
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lspci -knn | grep Net -A2
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#### Scan networks
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iwlist scan
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#### Shutdown
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shutdown -h now
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#### Connect to the network
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nmcli dev wifi connect TP-Link_5828 password my-secret-pass
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#### You can forward port `80` to `8090`
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```shell
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iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8090
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```
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#### Allow accepting connections on `8090`
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```shell
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iptables -I INPUT -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8090 -j ACCEPT
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```
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#### Search files that contains particular string
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``` shell
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grep -rnw "." -e "Search key"
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```
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#### Remove garbage files
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find ./ -name ".DS_Store" -depth -exec rm {} \;
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#### Find files, directories and symbolic links using regex
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find ./ -iname `fo*` and `F??` -type f,d,l
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#### Make text from pipe uppercased
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||
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||
```bash
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cat file.txt | tr [:lower:] [:upper:]
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cat file.txt | tr [a-z] [A-Z]
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tr [a-z] [A-Z] < linux.txt > output.txt
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```
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#### Installing packages for python
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**_just for user_**
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```bash
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pip3 install --user meson
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```
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**_calling module through interpreter_**
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||
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||
```bash
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python3 -m pip install six
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```
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#### Remove spaces
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```bash
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cat file.txt | tr -d ' '
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```
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#### Remove duplicate characters
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||
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||
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||
```bash
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$ cat domains.txt
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www.google.....com
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www.linkedin.com
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www.linuxsay.com
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||
```
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|
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```bash
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$ cat domains.txt | tr -s '.'
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www.google.com
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www.linkedin.com
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```
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#### Extract digit
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||
|
||
``` bash
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||
echo "My UID is $UID" | tr -cd "[:digit:]\n"
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||
echo "My UID is $UID" | tr -d "a-zA-Z"
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||
```
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#### Translate single character
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||
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||
```bash
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echo "My UID is $UID" | tr " " "\n"
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```
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||
|
||
#### Get path by number
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||
|
||
```bash
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echo $PATH | cut -d ":" -f 1
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```
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||
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||
#### list search path line by line
|
||
|
||
```bash
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echo $PATH | tr ":" "\n"
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||
```
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||
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||
#### Screen capture
|
||
|
||
```
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||
ffmpeg -f x11grab -video_size 1280x800 -framerate 25 -i $DISPLAY -c:v ffvhuff screen.mkv
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||
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||
ffmpeg -video_size 1280x800 -framerate 25 -f x11grab -i :0.0 -f pulse -ac 2. \
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-i default -vcodec vp8 -acodec libvorbis myvideo_$(date +%d_%B_%Y_%H:%M).webm
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```
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||
#### Take a screenshot
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||
|
||
```bash
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||
xwd -root -out screenshot.xwd
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maim -s -u | xclip -selection clipboard -t image/png -i
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imlib2_grab screenshot.png
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||
```
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||
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||
#### Install Python package for the user
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||
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||
python3 -m pip install --user pyelftools
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||
|
||
#### Erase free space
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||
|
||
sudo diskutil secureErase freespace 1 /Volumes/Data\ Drive
|
||
|
||
#### Format disk
|
||
|
||
sudo diskutil eraseDisk ExFAT data /dev/disk26
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||
#### Search for commit
|
||
|
||
```bash
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||
alias gf='git log --all --oneline | fzf'
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||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Remove alpha channel from all files
|
||
|
||
```bash
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||
# ➜ brew install imagemagick
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||
```
|
||
|
||
**Converts all files in current directory revursevely**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
alias rmalfa='find . -name “*.png” -exec convert “{}” -alpha off “{}” \;'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Weather alias
|
||
|
||
```sh
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||
alias weather='curl wttr.in'
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||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Starting an electron app on wayland
|
||
|
||
Start chromium using wayland
|
||
|
||
```bash
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||
chromium --enable-features=UseOzonePlatform --ozone-platform=wayland
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
It’s the same for electron-based apps:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
`app-executable` --enable-features=UseOzonePlatform \
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||
--ozone-platform=wayland
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Save website As PDF
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
function aspdf {
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||
/Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome --headless --print-to-pdf="./$1.pdf" $2
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||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Usage
|
||
|
||
```bash
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||
aspdf "filename" "https://superuser.com/questions/592974/how-to-print-to-save-as-pdf-from-a-command-line-with-chrome-or-chromium"
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||
```
|
||
|
||
### Export Markdown as PDF
|
||
|
||
```bash
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||
pandoc README.md -o README.pdf
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pandoc --from=gfm --to=pdf -o README.pdf README.md
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Gem path
|
||
|
||
```hash
|
||
export GEM_HOME=$HOME/.gem
|
||
path=("$GEM_HOME/bin" $path)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### QEMU - port forwarding
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
qemu-system-i386 -net nic,model=rtl8139 \
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||
-net user,hostfwd=tcp::3389-:3389,hostfwd=tcp::443-:443,hostfwd=tcp::992-:992
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### SQL using regex
|
||
Add a check constraint to the `id` column to enforce alphanumeric strings of exactly 5 characters long
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
ALTER TABLE short_urls ADD CONSTRAINT id CHECK (id ~ '^[a-zA-Z0-9]{5}$');
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Console font size
|
||
|
||
Edit file → `/etc/default/console-setup`
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
dpkg-reconfigure -plow console-setup
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Redirect errors to null device
|
||
|
||
find / 2>/dev/null
|
||
|
||
#### Installing nonfree firmware from repository
|
||
|
||
I.e: Firmware for nonfree driver for Intel's WIFI cards.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
https://packages.debian.org/sid/firmware-iwlwifi
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
apt-get update && apt-get install firmware-linux-nonfree
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Installing nonfree firmware from manufacturer
|
||
|
||
Search for binary. An example:
|
||
|
||
[https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000005511/wireless.html](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000005511/wireless.html)
|
||
|
||
Extract and copy like
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
cp iwlwifi-cc-a0-46.ucode /lib/firmware
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Linux - RAM disk
|
||
|
||
This might be useful for spead up programs that heavily use disk.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
mount -t TYPE -o size=SIZE FSTYPE MOUNTPOINT
|
||
```
|
||
* `TYPE` → either `tmpfs` or `ramfs`.
|
||
* `SIZE` → ie. `512m`
|
||
* `FSTYPE` → File system type, either `tmpfs`, `ramfs`, `ext4`, etc.
|
||
|
||
To make this setting persistent you might want to add to `/etc/fstab` fallowing line
|
||
|
||
```plain
|
||
tmpfs /mnt/ramdisk tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec,nodiratime,size=1024M 0 0
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### fstab
|
||
|
||
Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifiers, and can be used in fstab file like
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
|
||
|
||
UUID=1a38b8ca-e1f5-45e6-bbe8-3abd2775b3a6 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
|
||
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
|
||
/dev/disk/by-uuid/4D3C-4E36 /mnt/4D3C-4E36 auto nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show 0 0
|
||
|
||
UUID=e21eebe4-471a-4375-8c4c-618b3733a940 /home ext4 nodev,nosuid 0 2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Linux - Mount disk from `qcow2` image
|
||
|
||
|
||
Step 1 - Enable NBD on the Host
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
modprobe nbd max_part=8
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Step 2 - Connect the QCOW2 as network block device
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd0 /var/lib/vz/images/100/vm-100-disk-1.qcow2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Step 3 - Find The Virtual Machine Partitions
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
fdisk /dev/nbd0 -l
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Step 4 - Mount the partition from the VM
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/somepoint/
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Step 5 - After you done, unmount and disconnect
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
umount /mnt/somepoint/
|
||
qemu-nbd --disconnect /dev/nbd0
|
||
rmmod nbd
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Ubuntu - Power management
|
||
|
||
To make Ubuntu do nothing when laptop lid is closed:
|
||
|
||
From For 13.10 onwards:
|
||
|
||
Open the `/etc/systemd/logind.conf` file in a text editor as root, for example:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo -H gedit /etc/systemd/logind.conf
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If `HandleLidSwitch` is not set to ignore then change it:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
HandleLidSwitch=ignore
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Other settings that the action can be ignored: `HandleLidSwitchExternalPower`, `HandleLidSwitchDocked`, `IdleAction`.
|
||
|
||
Restart the systemd daemon (be aware that this command will log you out):
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo systemctl restart systemd-logind
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
or, from 15.04 onwards:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo service systemd-logind restart
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Chroot environment of Debian sid
|
||
|
||
Install Bootstrap
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo apt install debootstrap
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Create a directory that you want to use for the base system (_chroot-debian_ in this case)
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
mkdir chroot-debian
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Create a base system
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo debootstrap sid chroot-debian http://deb.debian.org/debian
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Valid names `sid`, `stable` or any debian code name
|
||
|
||
Mount filesystems
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo mount -o bind /dev chroot-debian/dev
|
||
sudo mount -t sysfs none chroot-debian/sys
|
||
sudo mount -o bind /proc chroot-debian/proc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Optionally, copy DNS resolver configuration.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /path/to/chroot-env/etc/resolv.conf
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Start chrooting
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo chroot chroot-debian /bin/bash
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Once done, exit the session and unmount
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo umount chroot-debian/dev chroot-debian/proc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Pass variables to chrooted environment
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
chroot ./ env -i PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
# Allowing user to run a command as root
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
sudo visudo
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
artur ALL=(ALL) chroot /path/to/chroot-env
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### Nginx - serving files setup DAV
|
||
|
||
Full version with 3rd party extensions
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
apt install nginx-full nginx-extras
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
location / {
|
||
index nonextistent;
|
||
autoindex on;
|
||
autoindex_format json;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
location /restricted {
|
||
fancyindex on;
|
||
fancyindex_exact_size off;
|
||
auth_basic "Restricted";
|
||
auth_basic_user_file "/etc/nginx/.htpasswd";
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
location /dropbox {
|
||
index nonextistent;
|
||
autoindex on;
|
||
autoindex_format json;
|
||
|
||
dav_methods PUT DELETE MKCOL COPY MOVE;
|
||
dav_ext_methods PROPFIND OPTIONS LOCK UNLOCK;
|
||
dav_access user:rw group:r all:r;
|
||
|
||
# client_max_body_size 0;
|
||
create_full_put_path on;
|
||
client_body_temp_path /tmp/;
|
||
|
||
limit_except GET PROPFIND OPTIONS HEAD {
|
||
auth_basic "Restricted";
|
||
auth_basic_user_file "/etc/nginx/.htpasswd";
|
||
}
|
||
# auth_pam "Restricted";
|
||
# auth_pam_service_name "common-auth";
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Create password
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
echo -n 'sammy:' >> /etc/nginx/.htpasswd
|
||
openssl passwd -apr1 >> /etc/nginx/.htpasswd
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Another method to set the password
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/.htpasswd sammy
|
||
htpasswd /etc/nginx/.htpasswd another_user
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**UI Client `Cyberduck`**
|
||
|
||
#### Backing up the entire OS
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sudo rsync -aAXHv / --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} /mnt
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Python
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
install python3-full
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Check battery
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT0
|
||
upower -i `upower -e | grep 'BAT'`
|
||
upower -i $(upower -e | grep BAT) | grep --color=never -E "state|to\ full|to\ empty|percentage"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Battery capacity
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
cat /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/capacity
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`apt install acpi`
|
||
|
||
acpi -V
|
||
acpi -t
|
||
|
||
Watch the status for example:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
watch --interval=5 acpi -V
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### How to scan open ports
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
nmap -sT -p- 10.10.8.8
|
||
nmap -p 80 127.0.0.1
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Remove non ASCII characters form the file
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sed 's/[^[:print:]\t]//g' script.sh > cleaned_script.sh
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Network Manager
|
||
|
||
Check Status
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
pacman -S networkmanager
|
||
systemctl status NetworkManager
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
nmcli dev status
|
||
nmcli radio wifi
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
nmcli radio wifi on
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
nmcli dev wifi list
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
nmcli dev wifi connect network-ssid
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
nmcli dev wifi connect network-ssid password "network-password"
|
||
|
||
# with password promot
|
||
nmcli dev wifi connect network-ssid password "network-password"
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
nmcli con show
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
nmcli con down ssid/uuid
|
||
nmcli con up ssid/uuid
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
ip link set eno1 up
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### DHCP Client
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
pacman -S dhclient dhcpcd
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Turn dchp on for the interface
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
dhclient eth0 -v
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Create file
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
cat > filename <<- "EOF"
|
||
file contents
|
||
more contents
|
||
EOF
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Get data about file include number of links
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
stat f1
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### File decryption
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
openssl aes256 -md sha256 -d -in file.enc.zip -out file.zip -pass pass:"<password>"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Base64
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
openssl base64 -in qrcode.png -out qrcode.png.base64
|
||
openssl base64 -in qrcode.png
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
### tar.xz
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
tar -xJf file.tar.xz -C destination
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Execute command
|
||
|
||
Execute `ls` for each each object in current directory that starts from `D` or `M`
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
ls {D*,M*}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Utworzenie dwóch katalogów `test_a`, `test_b`
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
mkdir test_{a,b}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### copy content of directory and merge it. Dereference links
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
cp -LTr /form/ .
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## JSON Linux apis
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
tree -J
|
||
ls -l | jq -R -s -c 'split("\n")[:-1]'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
### List dependencies
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pacman -Sy lld
|
||
llvm-nm
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Find location of executable
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
type -a python
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Reload each file save
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
brew install fswatch
|
||
fswatch -o . --exclude "\.build.*$" | xargs -n1 -I{} your-command
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Add capabilities
|
||
allow all to open 443 port
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' ./service
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Test speed of the drive
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sudo hdparam -t --direct /dev/mmcblk0
|
||
``` |